The source directory
Sources and vendor reading
Product pages define capability, documentation defines results and pricing defines access. Vendor articles provide additional category context.
ShieldLabs
Sources used for the ShieldLabs review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor guide or technical reading · checked October 23, 2026
Fingerprint
Sources used for the Fingerprint review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor guide or technical reading · checked October 23, 2026
SEON
Sources used for the SEON review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor guide or technical reading · checked October 23, 2026
Castle
Sources used for the Castle review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor guide or technical reading · checked October 23, 2026
Sift
Sources used for the Sift review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor technical guide and product context · checked October 23, 2026
LexisNexis ThreatMetrix
Sources used for the LexisNexis ThreatMetrix review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor explainer: physical and digital identity · checked October 23, 2026
TransUnion TruValidate
Sources used for the TransUnion TruValidate review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor technical guide and product context · checked October 23, 2026
Sardine
Sources used for the Sardine review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Device, behavior and fraud platform context · checked October 23, 2026
Verisoul
Sources used for the Verisoul review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor webinar guide: device intelligence and fraud screening · checked October 23, 2026
IPQualityScore
Sources used for the IPQualityScore review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor guide: how device fingerprinting works · checked October 23, 2026
Incognia
Sources used for the Incognia review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Vendor guide: browser identity and persistence · checked October 23, 2026
FingerprintJS (open source)
Sources used for the FingerprintJS (open source) review, collection and access conditions.
- Product and detection approach · checked October 23, 2026
- Pricing and access · checked October 23, 2026
- Integration and result documentation · checked October 23, 2026
- Maintainer guide: library scope and limitations · checked October 23, 2026
Technical and privacy context
- MDN: fingerprinting explains browser attributes and recognition.
- FingerprintJS repository describes client-side scope and license.
- ICO storage/access guidance includes device fingerprinting.
Product facts reviewed October 23, 2026. The earlier evaluation has a separate historical period in the study record.